• President of the Indian National Congress— Womesh Chandra Bannerjee, 1885
• President of the Indian National Congress of independent India— Acharya Kripalani, till Nov 1947
• President— Rajendra Prasad (1950–1962)
• First Woman President— Pratibha Patil (2007–2012)
• The first Chief Election Commissioner — Sukumar Sen
• Industries and Supplies Minister— Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
• The first person to resign from the Central Cabinet— Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
• Vice-President— Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
• Prime Minister— Jawaharlal Nehru (1947–1964). India held its first constitutional elections in 1952 after which he was re-elected.
• Deputy Prime Minister— Vallabhbhai Patel (1947–1950)
• Law Minister of India— B. R. Ambedkar
• Leader of Opposition— A. K. Gopalan
• Prime Minister to be voted out of office— Indira Gandhi (1977), when the Indian National Congress lost to the Janata Party
• Non-Congress government— Janata Party, with Morarji Desai as the Prime Minister (1977–1980)
• Non-Congress State government with Majority by a single party— E. M. S. Namboodiripad of CPI, Kerala 1957
• Prime Minister to lead a minority government for a full term (five years)— P. V. Narasimha Rao, 21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996
• Person outside the Nehru-Gandhi family to serve as Prime Minister for a full term (five years)— P. V. Narasimha Rao, 21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996
• Prime Minister from South India— P. V. Narasimha Rao, 1991, H.D.Deve Gowda
• Women Railway Minister of India— Mamata Banerjee[18]
• The first Viceroy of India— Lord Canning, 1858
• Governor-General of Independent India— Lord Mountbatten, 1947
• Indian Governor-General of Indian Union— C Rajagopalachari, 1948
• Chief Justice of India— H. J. Kania (1947–1951)
• First Sikh Prime Minister— Manmohan Singh (2004–present)
• First Muslim President— Zakir Hussain (1967–1969)
• First Sikh President— Giani Zail Singh
• First Chief Minister of West Bengal— Dr. Prafulla Chandra Ghosh
• Indian ICS Officer— Satyendranath Tagore, 1863
• Speaker of Lok Sabha— G.V. Mavlankar (1952–1956)
• Finance Minister of Independent India— R.K. Shanmukhan Chetty (1947–1949), for others see First Indian Cabinet
• Presentation of First Budget after India's Independence— R. K. Shanmukhan Chetty on 26 November 1947
• First Home Minister of India— Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel[19]
• First Indian President to die in Office— Dr Zakir Hussain, 3 May 1969
• First Chief Minister to die in Office— C.N.Annadurai, Tamil Nadu
• First Indian Prime Minister to resign from office— Morarji Desai, 1979
• First Woman Cabinet Minister in India— Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
• First Woman Minister in India— Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
• First Woman Chief Minister— Sucheta Kriplani
• First Female Home Minister— Sabitha Indra Reddy in Andhra Pradesh Govt.
• First Woman Speaker of the Lok Sabha— Meira Kumar
• First Woman Finance Minister of State Government in India— Dr Upinderjit Kaur, in Punjab Govt.
• President of the Indian National Congress of independent India— Acharya Kripalani, till Nov 1947
• President— Rajendra Prasad (1950–1962)
• First Woman President— Pratibha Patil (2007–2012)
• The first Chief Election Commissioner — Sukumar Sen
• Industries and Supplies Minister— Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
• The first person to resign from the Central Cabinet— Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
• Vice-President— Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
• Prime Minister— Jawaharlal Nehru (1947–1964). India held its first constitutional elections in 1952 after which he was re-elected.
• Deputy Prime Minister— Vallabhbhai Patel (1947–1950)
• Law Minister of India— B. R. Ambedkar
• Leader of Opposition— A. K. Gopalan
• Prime Minister to be voted out of office— Indira Gandhi (1977), when the Indian National Congress lost to the Janata Party
• Non-Congress government— Janata Party, with Morarji Desai as the Prime Minister (1977–1980)
• Non-Congress State government with Majority by a single party— E. M. S. Namboodiripad of CPI, Kerala 1957
• Prime Minister to lead a minority government for a full term (five years)— P. V. Narasimha Rao, 21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996
• Person outside the Nehru-Gandhi family to serve as Prime Minister for a full term (five years)— P. V. Narasimha Rao, 21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996
• Prime Minister from South India— P. V. Narasimha Rao, 1991, H.D.Deve Gowda
• Women Railway Minister of India— Mamata Banerjee[18]
• The first Viceroy of India— Lord Canning, 1858
• Governor-General of Independent India— Lord Mountbatten, 1947
• Indian Governor-General of Indian Union— C Rajagopalachari, 1948
• Chief Justice of India— H. J. Kania (1947–1951)
• First Sikh Prime Minister— Manmohan Singh (2004–present)
• First Muslim President— Zakir Hussain (1967–1969)
• First Sikh President— Giani Zail Singh
• First Chief Minister of West Bengal— Dr. Prafulla Chandra Ghosh
• Indian ICS Officer— Satyendranath Tagore, 1863
• Speaker of Lok Sabha— G.V. Mavlankar (1952–1956)
• Finance Minister of Independent India— R.K. Shanmukhan Chetty (1947–1949), for others see First Indian Cabinet
• Presentation of First Budget after India's Independence— R. K. Shanmukhan Chetty on 26 November 1947
• First Home Minister of India— Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel[19]
• First Indian President to die in Office— Dr Zakir Hussain, 3 May 1969
• First Chief Minister to die in Office— C.N.Annadurai, Tamil Nadu
• First Indian Prime Minister to resign from office— Morarji Desai, 1979
• First Woman Cabinet Minister in India— Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
• First Woman Minister in India— Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
• First Woman Chief Minister— Sucheta Kriplani
• First Female Home Minister— Sabitha Indra Reddy in Andhra Pradesh Govt.
• First Woman Speaker of the Lok Sabha— Meira Kumar
• First Woman Finance Minister of State Government in India— Dr Upinderjit Kaur, in Punjab Govt.